a3e9dff5-bb8b-4c26-a1f6-e3a2c249bbd8 DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria gdhoff58@gmail.com 2025-04-10T22:02:24.863Z ISO 19115:2003/19139 1.0 WGS 1984 Data from: Adapting overwintering honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) colony management in response to warmer fall temperatures associated with climate change 2025-04-10 10.15482/USDA.ADC/28184783 The data represent estimates of honey bee colony sizes expressed as combs (frames) of adult bees and combs of brood (eggs, larvae and pupae). Colony sizes were estimated by dividing combs into one-tenth sections and counting the number covered with bees or brood on both sides of a comb. The values from each comb were summed and used as an estimate of combs with bees or brood for each colony. During pre-cold storage measurement in October, colonies were comprised of two deep Langstroth hive boxes. Temperatures were below 10o C so the one-tenth of the comb area method for comb evaluations was not used. Instead, estimates of adult bee populations were made by tilting the top hive body forward on the pallet and frames with at least 75% bee coverage on the top and bottom of the comb were counted as a comb of bees. In the lower hive body, adult populations were estimated from adult bees covering the top of the combs. Combs with bees were totaled for the colony as an estimate of colony size. Estimates of Varroa mites (Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman) per 100 adult bees were made using approximately 300 worker bees per colony that were brushed from brood comb into jars containing 50 ml of 70% ethanol. Mites were counted by vigorously shaking the sample jars, and pouring the bees and alcohol into a strainer positioned over a pan. The mites that went through the strainer and into the pan were counted. Bees in the strainer also were examined for mites. All the bees in the sample were counted to estimate mites per 100 bees. Nosema (Vairimorpha (Microsporidia: Nosematidae) spore counts per colony were based on samples of 20 bees per colony. Samples were placed in a test tube containing ultra-pure water and homogenized for 5s. Samples equilibrated in 30-60 s, and the supernatant was removed from the center of the sample in the test tube (clear area) and placed into a 1.5ml Eppendorf tube. Spores per colony was estimated by transferring a 15 µl sample of supernatant to a hemocytometer, and examining it using a compound microscope at 400x with phase-contrast lighting. Nosema spores were counted in 16 small squares within five larger squares. The final spore count was calculated by multiplying the hemocytometer counts by 50,000. Fat body metrics (weight and lipid and protein concentrations) are based on pooled samples of 10 bees per colony. Fat bodies were removed by placing an adult worker bee onto a block of dry ice, and removing the abdomen. The entire gut was removed and the remaining abdominal carcass with fat body attached was rinsed to remove remaining gut contents and blotted dry. Fat body weight was estimated after drying the abdominal carcass at 60oC for four days. Fat body protein concentration was estimated with a BCA Protein Assay kit. Samples were analyzed in triplicate and read in a microplate reader at a wave length of 562nm. The absorbance values of blank wells were subtracted from each standard and sample. Protein concentration (µg/µl) was estimated using the absorbance and standard curve. Lipid concentrations were estimated by placing the fat body sample into a tube containing a 2:1 mixture of chloroform:methanol (1 ml) along with 210 µl of 0.25% KCI. The sample was vortexed, and centrifuged at 2,000 rpm for 15 min. The bottom chloroform layer was removed and placed into a 2ml glass screw cap vial. Serial dilutions of corn oil dissolved in chloroform were prepared to construct a standard curve for lipid concentrations. The negative control consisted of 100 µl of chloroform. Samples, standards, and the negative control were dried to completion for approximately 1.5h. Dried samples were reacted with 182 µl of concentrated sulfuric acid at 100oC for 15 min and 1478 µl of vanillin-phosphoric acid for 15 min in the dark at room temperature. Each of the negative controls, standards, and samples (100µl) were plated in triplicate and read using a spectrophotometer at 525nm. The average absorbance value for the negative control was subtracted from each standard and sample. A linear equation of the standards was derived to infer the µg/µl of lipid per sample from the absorbance values. Colony data could be used to evaluate effects of weather conditions in the fall and after cold storage overwintering on colony size and fat body metrics. Fat body data could be used to test for relationships between fall weather conditions, colony size, and overwintering survival. Data could be used to compare population dynamics and fat body dynamics during and after cold storage between Russian and Italian bees. DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria gdhoff58@gmail.com Lanie Bilodeau Kate Ihle Emily Watkins-deJong http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9248-090X WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link ORCID ORCID Mona Chambers Vanessa Corby-Harris http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7680-0328 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link ORCID ORCID Henry Graham http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9192-8434 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link ORCID ORCID Gloria DeGrandi-Hoffman http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2156-5548 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link ORCID ORCID insect nutrition body fat pollination North Dakota population dynamics cold storage autumn weather overwintering lipid content body protein lipids fat body spores Vairimorpha Nosema Varroa destructor mites honey bee colonies National Agricultural Library Thesaurus (NALT) USDA NAL Keywords 2015 2021 Edition USDA National Agricultural Library * National Agricultural Library Thesaurus (NALT) Coordinator 10301 Baltimore Ave Beltsville, MD 20705 United States of America agref@usda.gov https://agclass.nal.usda.gov/ HTTP Web Browser USDA National Agricultural Library Thesaurus and Glossary Home Page The Thesaurus and Glossary are online vocabulary tools of agricultural terms in English and Spanish and are cooperatively produced by the National Agricultural Library, USDA, and the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture as well as other Latin American agricultural institutions belonging to the Agriculture Information and Documentation Service of the Americas (SIDALC). A controlled vocabulary of keywords to classify dataset records in Ag Data Commons Department of Agriculture=5 > Agricultural Research Service=005:018 OMB Bureau Codes Office of Management and Budget Bureau Codes 2016 revision 2016 OMB Bureau Codes https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/sites/default/files/omb/assets/a11_current_year/app_c.pdf HTTP Web Browser APPENDIX C—LISTING OF OMB AGENCY/BUREAU AND TREASURY CODES In the MAX system, OMB assigns and uses agency and bureau codes, which are associated with agency and bureau titles that are published in the Budget.PDF file. information Resource Provider Complete list of bureau codes Department of Agriculture=5 > National Research=005:040 Federal Program Inventory US Federal Program Codes 2013-09-16 revision Fiscal Year 2013 Office of Management and Budget https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb HTTP Web Browser Office of Management and Budget The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) serves the President of the United States in overseeing the implementation of his vision across the Executive Branch. 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Please choose from U.S. Public Domain, Creative Commons CCZero, Creative Commons Attribution, or Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike. climate change overwintering grand challenge insect nutrition honey bee cold storage lipid fat body varroa-resistant russian bees queen varroa almond pollination location biota 2018-08-31 2019-03-15 -119.6963 -88.9915 30.7267 47.0708 XLSX 1 https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/28184783 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link Data files Data files for Data from: Adapting overwintering honey bee (<i>Apis mellifera</i> L.) colony management in response to warmer fall temperatures associated with climate change