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EARTH SCIENCE > HUMAN DIMENSIONS > ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE/MANAGEMENT
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The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Miscellaneous Daily Precipitation Dataset is one of several precipitation datasets provided in the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Near-Surface Observation Data Set (NESOB) 1997. This dataset contains all daily precipitation data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) stations. Stations that reported at standard or incremental times are also included in the various NESOB 1997 precipitation composite datasets. The miscellaneous daily precipitation dataset contains data from stations in the NESOB 1997 domain (94.5 W to 100.5W longitude and 34N to 39N latitude) and time period (01 April 1997 through 31 March 1998). These data were not quality controlled by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS). The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Miscellaneous Daily Precipitation Dataset contains fifteen parameters and uses code tables from the Standard Hydrometeorological Exchange Format (SHEF). The fifteen parameters repeat once for each time period, where the time period is nominally daily. The Physical Element code field should always contain a PP indicating that the precipitation data is reported as incremental values. Missing values are not reported. Each precipitation value has an associated observation date and time which are UTC times.
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The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Miscellaneous Precipitation Dataset is one of several precipitation datasets provided in the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Near-Surface Observation Data Set (NESOB) 1997. This dataset contains all hourly precipitation data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) stations. Stations that reported at standard or incremental times are also included in the various NESOB 1997 precipitation composite datasets. The miscellaneous precipitation dataset contains data from stations in the NESOB 1997 domain (94.5 W to 100.5W longitude and 34N to 39N latitude) and time period (01 April 1997 through 31 March 1998). These data were not quality controlled by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS). The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Miscellaneous Precipitation Dataset contains eight parameters and uses code tables from the Standard Hydrometeorological Exchange Format (SHEF). The eight parameters repeat once for each time period, where the time period is nominally hourly. The Physical Element code field should always contain a PP indicating that the precipitation data is reported as incremental values. Missing values are not reported. Each precipitation value has an associated observation date and time which are UTC times. The algorithms used to form the NCEP Precipitation data are not currently available.
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The Co-operative Agency Reservoir dataset is one of various hydrological datasets provided for the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) Project. This dataset contains reservoir data from 26 Co-operative Agency stations within the Enhanced Observing Period (EOP) domain and time period. No additional quality control was performed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS). The Co-operative Agency reservoir dataset is provided "as is" in the original format. The Co-operative Agency data is in a non-consistent, ASCII format.
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This 30 minute Sensible, Latent and Ground Heat Flux Composite is one of two surface-layer flux data sets provided in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement(ARM)/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Near Surface Observation Data Set - 1997 (NESOB-97). This Sensible, Latent and Ground Heat Flux composite was formed from three data sources: the ARM Southern Great Plains (SGP) Clouds and Radiation Testbed (CART) Energy Balance/Bowen Ratio (EBBR) sites, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (ATDD) Little Washita Watershed site, and the ARM SGP Eddy Correlation (ECOR) sites. Data from 14 ARM/EBBR stations, 1 NOAA/ATDD station, and 8 ARM/ECOR stations were merged to form this composite. The University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS) did not do any quality control on the data set. Heat flux sensors consist of a differential temperature sensor which measures heat flow. Heat flux is a vector quantity of energy flowing through a 1 meter square surface in one second. Sensible heat flux is the transfer of sensible heat between the surface and the air, or vice versa. Latent heat flux is the transfer of latent heat (heat released or absorbed by water) between the surface and the air, or vice versa. Ground, or soil, heat flux is the transfer of sensible heat in the soil, either toward the surface or away from the surface. The Little Washita site records only 1 soil heat flux value. The EBBR sites record soil heat flux values from 5 different sensors. The ARM soil sensors are located in a half-circle approximately 2 meters in diameter under the net radiometer, which extends to the south about 1 meter from the EBBR frame. The soil conditions at the EBBR sites are varied from very sandy soil to very clay-laden soil. However, all of the sensors for one particular EBBR site are in the same soil type. Information on the soil characteristics at each of the ARM Soil Water and Temperature System (SWATS) sites (which are located nearby the ARM EBBR sites) is available as part of the ARM/GCIP NESOB-97. (These include the "Organic Carbon and Matter", "Soil Texture", "Parameters for Soil Water Retention Models", "Bulk Density", Particle Size", and "Soil Water Retention" data sets). The EBBR sites also record Bowen Ratio, home_15 and home_30 values, as well, whereas the Little Washita site does not. Since this is a composite data set, only the first 3 fields of data from the Little Washita site will have values, while the rest of the parameters on a line will always be missing. Missing values are -999.99999. (NOAA)/Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (ATDD) Little Washita, Oklahoma long term flux monitoring site. This composite was developed by the merging of the computed 30-minute averaged values of Net Radiation as derived by University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS) from the 20-second values provided by ARM for its SIROS and SIRS stations, and the 30-minute averaged values of Incoming/Outgoing PAR and Net Radiation as provided by NOAA/ATDD for its Little Washita station. UCAR/JOSS computed standard deviations for the averaged data when at least 15 observations were available within the 30-minute averaging interval. JOSS did not do any other quality control on the data set. The NESOB-97 Net Radiation and PAR Composite Dataset contains eight metadata parameters and nine data parameters and flags. The metadata parameters describe the date, time, network, station and location at which the data were collected. Data values are valid for the 30 minutes preceeding the time of observation. All times are UTC. The data parameters have an associated QC flag but UCAR/JOSS does not Quality Control the data at the present time. The Quality Control flag is set to "U" for "Unchecked", unless the datum is missing, in which case the flag is set to "M". Note that the SIROS stations were changed over to SIRS in August 1997.
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This 30 minute Skin Temperature Composite is one of several surface-layer data sets provided in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Near Surface Observation Data Set - 1997 (NESOB-97). This Skin Temperature composite was formed from three data sources: the 10m and 25m ARM/Clouds and Radiation Testbed (CART) Multi-Filter Radiometer (MFR) 20 second data, and 30 minute data from the GCIP National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/Atmospheric Turbulence and Diffusion Division (ATDD) Little Washita, Oklahoma long term flux monitoring site. This composite was developed by the merging of the 30-minute averaged values of skin temperature as provided by NOAA/ATDD for its Little Washita station and the 30-minute averaged values of skin temperature as derived by University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS) from the 20-second values provided by ARM for its 10m and 25m MFR stations. UCAR/JOSS computed standard deviations for the ARM 10m and 25m MFR data when at least 15 observations were available within the 30-minute averaging interval. The ARM/GCIP NESOB-97 Skin Temperature Composite contains 8 metadata parameters and 3 data parameters. The metadata parameters describe the date/time, network, station, and location at which the data were collected. The 3 data parameters repeat once for each 30 minute period from UTC 0000 through UTC 2330. Data reported for a designated 30 minute time represents data collected during the previous 30 minute period. All times are reported in UTC, and skin temperature values are reported in degrees Celsius. Each data value is followed by a Quality Control flag, but UCAR/JOSS does not Quality Control the data at the present time. The Quality Control flag is set to "U" for "Unchecked", unless the datum is missing, in which case the flag is set to "M". Missing values are -999.99. The standard deviation was calculated for the ARM 10m and 25m MFR Skin Temperature values when there were at least 15 measurements in the 30 minute averaging interval. No standard deviations were calculated for the Little Washita data, since it originated in 30 minute frequency.
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The Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) 50 MHz Radar Wind Profiler and Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) Vertical Profiles is one of various data sets provided for the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) project. This data set contains vertical profiles of virtual temperature and wind speed and direction every hour taken at the Central Facility. This data set covers the period from 1 June through 31 July 1997. The SGP97 domain is approximately 97W to 99W longitude and 34.5N to 37N latitude. These data are in their original NetCDF format. The 50-MHz Radar Wind Profiler/RASS (RWP50) measures wind profiles from (nominally) 2 to 12 km and virtual temperature profiles from 2 to 4 km. It operates by transmitting electromagnetic energy into the atmosphere and measuring the strength and frequency of backscattered energy. Virtual temperatures are recovered by transmitting an acoustic signal vertically and measuring the electromagnetic energy scattered from the acoustic wavefront. The propagation speed of the acoustic wave is proportional to the square root of the virtual temperature. The primary quantities measured with the system are the intensity and Doppler frequency of backscattered radiation. The wind speed is determined from the Doppler frequency of energy scattered from refractive index fluctuations (caused primarily by temperature fluctuations) embedded within the atmosphere; the virtual temperature is determined from the Doppler frequency of microwave energy scattered from acoustic energy propagating through the atmosphere. No additional quality control was performed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS).
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The Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) 915 MHz Radar Wind Profiler and RASS Data Set is one of the various boundary layer data sets developed for the SGP97 project. This data set contains hourly average profiles of wind speed and direction, u and v wind components (from the Radar Wind Profiler), and virtual temperature (from the RASS [Radio Acoustic Sounding System]). The wind profiles have a vertical resolution of ~60 meters (m) in the low mode and ~200 m in the high mode. The RASS has a vertical resolution of ~100 m. The site is located at the DOE ARM SGP Central Facility near Lamont, Oklahoma. The radar wind profiler/RASS (RWP) measures wind profiles from (nominally) .1 km to 5 km and virtual temperature profiles from .1 km to 1.5 km. It operates by transmitting electromagnetic energy into the atmosphere and measuring the strength and frequency of backscattered energy. Virtual temperatures are recovered by transmitting an acoustic signal vertically and measuring the electromagnetic energy scattered from the acoustic wavefront. The propagation speed of the acoustic wave is proportional to the square root of the virtual temperature. The Primary quantities measured with the system are the intensity and Doppler frequency of backscattered radiation. The wind speed is determined from the Doppler frequency of energy scattered from refractive index fluctuations (caused primarily by moisture fluctuations but also by temperature fluctuations) embedded within the atmosphere; the virtual temperature is determined from the Doppler frequency of microwave energy scattered from acoustic energy propagating through the atmosphere. The 915 MHz radar wind profiler is manufactured by Radian Corp. It consists of a single-phased microstrip antenna array consisting of nine "panels" (most system have only four panels). The antenna is approximately 4 m square and is oriented in a horizontal plane so the "in-phase" beam travels vertically. Other components in the system include four stationary acoustic sources located at the corners of the antenna, a mobile acoustic source, a receiver, an interface module, and a computer for data analysis and processing. No flags are applied during data ingest of the consensus averaged winds and virtual temperatures. However, a parallel data stream with the ".b2" name field has data flags applied that look at relative values of temps or wind components. Neighboring values in space (height) and time (sequential profiles) are compared with predefined limits (given in the metadata of the NETCDF file). In addition to the unchanged wind component and temperature fields, a field of flags (on or off [1 or 0]) is supplied to "point" at suspect values. These data are in their original NetCDF format. No additional quality control was performed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS).
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This 30 minute Shortwave and Longwave Radiation Composite is one of several surface-layer data sets provided in the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement(ARM)/Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project (GCIP) Near Surface Observation Data Set - 1997 (NESOB-97). This Radiation Composite was formed from five data sources: (1) the 25m ARM/Clouds and Radiation Testbed (CART) Multi-Filter Radiometer (MFR) 20 second data of Upwelling Longwave and Shortwave Irradiance; (2) the Solar and Infrared Radiation Observing System (SIROS) 20 second data of Upwelling and Downwelling Longwave and Shortwave Irradiance, which changed over to (3) the Solar Infrared Station (SIRS) 20 second data of Upwelling and Downwelling Longwave and Shortwave Irradiance; (4) the Broadband Solar Radiation Network (BSRN) 1 minute data of Downwelling Longwave and Shortwave Irradiance; and (5) the High Plains Climate Network (HPCN) hourly Solar Radiation data. This composite was developed by the merging of the 30-minute averaged values of Irradiance as derived by University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS) from the 20-second values provided by ARM for its 25m MFR station and its SIROS and SIRS stations; the 30-minute averaged values of Irradiance as derived by UCAR/JOSS from the 1-minute values provided by ARM for its BSRN station; and the hourly values provided by HPCN. UCAR/JOSS computed standard deviations for the averaged irradiance data when at least 15 observations were available within the 30-minute averaging interval. JOSS did not do any other quality control on the data set. This radiation composite contains data within the NESOB 1997 domain (100.5W to 94.5W longitude and 34N to 39N latitude) and time period (01 April 1997 through 31 March 1998). The ARM/GCIP NESOB-97 Shortwave and Longwave Radiation Composite Dataset contains eight metadata parameters and twelve data parameters and flags. The metadata parameters describe the date, time, network, station and location at which the data were collected. Data values are valid for the 30 minutes preceding the time of observation, and all times are UTC. The data parameters have an associated QC flag but the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (UCAR/JOSS) does not Quality Control the data at the present time. The Quality Control flag is set to "U" for "Unchecked", unless the datum is missing, in which case the flag is set to "M". A few problems occurred with instrumentation during NESOB-97 which affected the quality of the data; explanations of these problems can be found in the dataset documentation.
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The Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) 50 MHz Radar Wind Profiler and Radio Acoustic Sounding System (RASS) Vertical Profiles is one of various data sets provided for the Southern Great Plains 1997 (SGP97) project. This data set contains vertical profiles of virtual temperature and wind speed and direction every hour taken at the Central Facility. This data set covers the period from 1 June through 31 July 1997. The SGP97 domain is approximately 97W to 99W longitude and 34.5N to 37N latitude. These data are in their original NetCDF format. The 50-MHz Radar Wind Profiler/RASS (RWP50) measures wind profiles from (nominally) 2 to 12 km and virtual temperature profiles from 2 to 4 km. It operates by transmitting electromagnetic energy into the atmosphere and measuring the strength and frequency of backscattered energy. Virtual temperatures are recovered by transmitting an acoustic signal vertically and measuring the electromagnetic energy scattered from the acoustic wavefront. The propagation speed of the acoustic wave is proportional to the square root of the virtual temperature. The primary quantities measured with the system are the intensity and Doppler frequency of backscattered radiation. The wind speed is determined from the Doppler frequency of energy scattered from refractive index fluctuations (caused primarily by temperature fluctuations) embedded within the atmosphere; the virtual temperature is determined from the Doppler frequency of microwave energy scattered from acoustic energy propagating through the atmosphere. No additional quality control was performed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research/Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS).
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The GEM Model Location Time Series is one of the model output data sets provided in the Southern Great Plains - 1997 (SGP97). The full GEM MOLTS data set covers most of North America (up to 252 locations). MOLTS are hourly time series output at selected locations that contain values for various surface parameters and `sounding' profiles at GEM model levels and are derived from the GEM model output. The MOLTS output files were converted into Joint Office for Science Support (JOSS) Quality Control Format (QCF), the same format used for atmospheric rawinsonde soundings processed by JOSS. The MOLTS output provided by JOSS on-line includes only the initial analysis output (i.e. no forecast MOLTS) and only state parameters (pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, and wind). The full output, including the forecast MOLTS and all output parameters, in its original format (Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data, or BUFR) is available from the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)/Scientific Computing Division. The Atmospheric Environment Service/Canadian Meteorological Centre (AES/CMC) operates the GEM model with a resolution of 35 km and 28 vertical levels. The GEM analysis and forecast fields are generated every 12 hours at 0000 and 1200 UTC daily. MOLTS are hourly vertical profile and surface time series derived from the GEM model output. The complete MOLTS output includes 13 informational items, 27 parameters for each level and 28 parameters at the surface. Output are available each hour beginning at the initial analysis (the only output available from JOSS) and ending at the 36 hour forecast. JOSS converts the raw format (BUFR) files into JOSS QCF format which is the same format used for atmospheric sounding data such as National Weather Service (NWS) soundings. JOSS calculated the total wind speed and direction from the u and v wind components. JOSS calculated the mixing ratio from the specific humidity (Pruppacher and Klett 1980) and the dew point from the mixing ratio (Wallace and Hobbs 1977). Then the relative humidity was calculated from the dew point (Bolton 1980). JOSS did not conduct any quality control on this output. The header records (15 total records) contain output type, project ID, the location of the nearest station to the MOLTS location (this can be a rawinsonde station, an Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM)/Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) station, a wind profiler station, a surface station, or just the nearest town), the location of the MOLTS output, and the valid time for the MOLTS output. The five header lines contain information identifying the sounding, and have a rigidly defined form. The following 6 header lines are used for auxiliary information and comments about the sounding, and they vary significantly from dataset to dataset. The last 3 header records contain header information for the data columns. Line 13 holds the field names, line 14 the field units, and line 15 contains dashes ('-' characters) delineating the extent of the field.